Afazja a dyzartria. Problemy diagnozy różnicowej w przebiegu powikłanych schorzeń neurologicznych

Abstract

Logopedic practice shows that in a large part of patients with neurological conditions occur conjugate and non-specific disorders. This happens especially frequently when, due to various pathomechanisms connected with somatic and neurological burdens, structural damage and functional disorders of the brain occur within the cortical-subcortical structures. In the clinical picture, the most often observed are symptoms of speech disorders characteristic of aphasia and dysarthria resulting from general cognitive deficits. The differential diagnosis of this non-specific picture of difficulties enables distinguishing individual units of speech pathology, define their depth and prepare an individualized program of logopedic therapy. The paper presents the case of an 82-year-old patient burdened with arterial hypertension, hypothyroidism, and Parkinson’s disease with symptoms of dysarthria and emotional disorders, who suffered an ischemic stroke within the left brain hemisphere. As a result of the neurological incident, the patient experienced a right-sided hemiparesis, symptoms of sensory-motor aphasia, and cognitive disorders. The description refers to the picture of conjugate disorders of dysarthria and aphasia resulting from neuropsychological deficits, to the criteria of their differentiation, and dynamics of regression in the course of a year-long logopedic therapy.